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In logistics, the Physical Internet is an open global logistics system founded on physical, digital, and operational interconnectivity, through encapsulation, interfaces and protocols.〔Montreuil, Benoit. ("Physical Internet Manifesto, version 1.11.1" ), ''CIRRELT Interuniversity Research Center on Enterprise Networks, Logistics and Transportation'', Quebec, 28 November 2012. Retrieved on 6 February 2013.〕 The Physical Internet is intended to replace current logistical models.〔Montreuil, Benoit. http://tedxtalks.ted.com/video/Benoit-Montreuil-at-TEDxBuchare 〕 The project currently has funding from the National Science Foundation as well as contributions from MHIA and CICMHE.〔Trebilcock, Bob. ("Physical Internet Initiative: Pipedream or possibility?" ), ''Logistics Management magazine'', 1 March 2012. Retrieved on 12 February 2013.〕 The Physical Internet Initiative's manifesto is "Transforming the way physical objects are handled, moved, stored, realized, supplied and used, aiming towards global logistics efficiency and sustainability."〔 It attempts to achieve this by applying concepts from internet data transfer to real-world shipping processes.〔〔Andel, Tom. ("Supply Chain Managers Get Physical with the Internet" ), ''(Material Handling & Logistics )'', February 2012. Retrieved on 12 February 2013.〕 The Digital Internet does not transmit information: it transmits packets with embedded information. These packets are designed for ease of use in the Digital Internet. The information within a packet is encapsulated and is not dealt with by Internet. The packet header contains all information required for identifying the packet and routing it correct to destination. A packet is constructed for a specific transmission and it is dismantled once it has reached its destination. The Digital Internet is based on a protocol structuring data packets independently from equipment. In this way, data packets can be processed by different systems and through various networks: modems, copper wires, fiber optic wires, routers, etc.; local area networks, wide area networks, etc.; Intranets, Extranets, Virtual Private Networks, etc. The Physical Internet does not manipulate physical goods directly, whether they are materials, parts, merchandises or yet products. It manipulates exclusively containers that are explicitly designed for the Physical Internet and that encapsulate physical goods within them.〔 The vision of the Physical Internet involves encapsulating goods in smart, ecofriendly and modular containers ranging from the size of a maritime container to the size of a small box. It thus generalizes the maritime container that succeeded to support globalization and shaped ships and ports, and extends containerization to logistics services in general. The Physical Internet moves the border of the private space to be inside of the container instead of the warehouse or the truck. These modular containers will be continuously monitored and routed, exploiting their digital interconnection through the Internet of Things. The Physical Internet encapsulates physical objects in physical packets or containers, hereafter termed π-containers so as to differentiate them from current containers. These π-containers are world-standard, smart, green and modular containers. They are notably modularized and standardized worldwide in terms of dimensions, functions and fixtures.〔 The π-containers are key elements enabling the interoperability necessary for the adequate functioning of the Physical Internet. They must be designed to facilitate their handling and storage in the physical nodes of the Physical Internet, as well as their transport between these nodes and of course to protect goods. They act as packets in the digital Internet. They have an information part analogous to the header in the digital Internet. The π-containers encapsulate their content, making the contents irrelevant to the Physical Internet.〔Extract from Montreuil, B., R. D. Meller and E. Ballot, "Towards a Physical Internet: the impact on logistics facilities and material handling systems design and innovation," in Progress in Material Handling Research, Edited by K. Gue et al., Material Handling Industry of America, 23 p., 2010.〕 From a physical perspective, π-containers must be easy to handle, store, transport, seal, snap to a structure, interlock, load, unload, build and dismantle. From an informational perspective, each π-container has a unique worldwide identifier, such as the MAC address in the Ethernet network and the digital Internet. This identifier is attached to each π-container both physically and digitally for insuring identification robustness and efficiency. A smart tag is attached to each π-container to act as its representing agent. It contributes to insuring π-container identification, integrity, routing, conditioning, monitoring, traceability and security through the Physical Internet. Such smart tagging enables the distributed automation of a wide variety of handling, storage and routing operations. In order to deal adequately with privacy and competitiveness concerns within the Physical Internet, the smart tag of a π-container strictly restricts information access by pertinent parties. Only the information necessary for the routing of π-containers through the Physical Internet are accessible for everyone.〔 ==Physical internet initiatives around the world== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Physical Internet」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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